{"id":"W4416388240","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137568","title":"Sustainable, solvent-free and fast synthesis of highly durable bimetallic Ni-based catalysts for efficient furfural hydrogenation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fuel","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Project 211; Beijing Forestry University; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Bimetallic strip; Furfural; Catalysis; Yield (engineering); Hydrodesulfurization","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001673306,0.0003457803,0.000265481,0.0002668213,0.0002822474,0.000626593,0.0005450997,0.0004095337,0.001553801],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000289341,0.0002010513,0.0001554701,0.0001954254,0.0002027469,0.0007630789,0.0005511193,0.0006682975,0.0008802983],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004976229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003499792,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004968125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00176434,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998565,0.00001367113,0.00001472343,0.00003012504,0.00005723912,0.00002777102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999461,0.000006021623,0.000009595329,0.00001226789,0.00001541487,0.00001073261],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001259252,0.0001012016,0.0002589661,0.0003658331,0.00002411995,0.0001033419,0.00007343667,0.0007129622,0.9662179,0.00369376,0.00114595,0.02717673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001111855,0.00008973839,0.0003642956,0.000009354157,0.00001252572,0.00007915519,0.00003420219,0.003014127,0.9834148,0.0004390789,0.01252159,0.000009963091],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9327201,0.009278077,0.03214321,0.0009745309,0.0003706549,0.0001189001,0.0008179804,0.000924585,0.02265197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9851532,0.001426681,0.006000828,0.00004929644,0.00002338752,0.00003365883,0.0004961173,0.00006394698,0.006752931],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001553801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005198002,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003910592825059163,"score_gpt":0.1908891556252362,"score_spread":0.1869785628001771,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}