{"id":"W4416428260","doi":"10.1115/1.4070437","title":"Toward Smart Manufacturing Metaverse via Digital Twinning in Extended Reality","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering","topic":"Digital Transformation in Industry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Augmented reality; Metaverse; Industry 4.0; Leverage (statistics); Virtual reality; Workforce; Manufacturing; Entrepreneurship; Mixed reality; Big data","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009605611,0.0001031926,0.0001743949,0.001232685,0.0000336889,0.0003190269,0.0001933888,0.00004665698,0.000001384494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001322882,0.0001033945,0.00003094826,0.0007441043,0.00004094509,0.00843126,0.00003854911,0.0003393062,0.000001504464],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001801004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004814537,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002543507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.963569e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986955,0.000004060387,0.0007665677,0.00005298549,0.0002627753,0.0002181183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999639,0.00007482839,0.00008811276,0.00006948713,0.00006804075,0.00006056716],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003024487,0.000004850299,0.001145709,0.0001311933,0.000004848747,0.000002549161,0.001189447,0.9570068,0.00007425876,0.0003034318,0.00001044553,0.04012351],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005466101,0.00001645595,0.0596551,0.000600169,0.000003248004,0.00007458428,0.001016356,0.9321044,0.003926832,0.0001357621,0.001752193,0.0001683071],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7774628,0.0000230787,0.211578,0.00005250104,0.000606067,0.00005728695,0.00000103763,0.00005246346,0.01016683],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987152,0.00001542939,0.001225658,0.0000214174,0.00001622492,5.141835e-7,6.435702e-7,0.000003241968,0.000001736603],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2212524,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.611246,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01222250992812799,"score_gpt":0.2412799709444101,"score_spread":0.2290574610162821,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}