{"id":"W4416435722","doi":"10.2196/80331","title":"Digital Survey–Based Tracing of COVID-19 Over the Early Pandemic: Comprehensive Geospatial and Symptomatic Analysis in Lebanon","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Public Health and Surveillance","topic":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Geospatial analysis; Public health; Public health surveillance; Digital health; Pandemic; Outbreak; Disease surveillance; Geographic information system; Tracing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"grok","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"opus","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001488656,0.0003444463,0.000192521,0.00349957,0.0002916332,0.0006770226,0.0004686751,0.000288119,0.001109158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002042574,0.0001358196,0.0002134471,0.002558704,0.0002589834,0.0004486428,0.0009168648,0.0002188232,0.0001908974],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001594315,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001011433,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07125091,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08481464,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994522,0.0002499158,0.0000387539,0.00008260768,0.00008202777,0.00009458308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987908,0.0002592287,0.0003546813,0.00007352213,0.0003928751,0.0001288489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001232532,0.0001610333,0.9606208,0.0001572535,0.00006171434,0.0004089691,0.002162347,0.001483171,0.0005361576,0.0002504382,0.002447375,0.03158739],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001560203,0.0001331527,0.9779277,0.0001553426,0.00003180096,0.0001766018,0.010644,0.00626138,0.0002961287,0.0002057752,0.004136046,0.00001637535],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9923542,0.0003216674,0.0007289609,0.0002170984,0.000009172939,0.0001576487,0.004808812,0.00003652686,0.001365905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910623,0.0004034729,0.002653284,0.00009214767,0.0000163191,0.0002435824,0.004965146,0.000006329597,0.0005575047],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07125091,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03251924919429282,"score_gpt":0.3403593710261454,"score_spread":0.3078401218318526,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}