{"id":"W4416439054","doi":"10.1177/10915818251395250","title":"Translational Challenges From Nonclinical to Clinical Program: Case Study Examples","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Toxicology","topic":"Animal testing and alternatives","field":"Veterinary","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Greenfield Research (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Milestone; Drug development; Translational research; Clinical trial; Clinical pharmacology; Translational medicine; MEDLINE; Drug","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001090218,0.0001487881,0.0004196156,0.0002645233,0.00005669583,0.00005018852,0.0006445636,0.0001166892,0.0002264031],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001150124,0.0001280087,0.000222555,0.00008036222,0.0001045337,0.0001217556,0.0001600741,0.0004548595,0.00003210816],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004929588,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001654047,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001063301,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002205237,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974931,0.00047758,0.001199676,0.0003081025,0.0003562916,0.0001651934],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963053,0.002504961,0.0003710941,0.0001423178,0.0005471082,0.0001292287],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005276102,0.009474655,0.3250781,0.000008504989,0.002782068,0.0490317,0.00295071,0.00007181717,0.0006802093,0.002285946,0.001715816,0.6006444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006727851,0.02268898,0.9042965,0.0002368621,0.0002361784,0.01082858,0.00695102,0.000647636,0.00006446998,0.007087785,0.03984573,0.0003884265],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.987737,0.0003294343,0.001094099,0.006306774,0.002980533,0.0002500587,0.00002484187,0.00004176242,0.001235488],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864367,0.00005296576,0.01123768,0.0005938209,0.001543164,0.00001688639,0.000002687654,0.00001175777,0.0001043207],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.600256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5220043,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5031728928261682,"score_gpt":0.5909331124356143,"score_spread":0.08776021960944613,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}