{"id":"W4416510331","doi":"10.1101/2025.11.20.689475","title":"Episodic positive selection accumulates through time in seasonal influenza A, with no climatic signature","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","topic":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Hemagglutinin (influenza); Neuraminidase; Seasonal influenza; Influenza A virus; Viral evolution; Global warming; Outbreak; Viral phylodynamics; Influenza A virus subtype H5N1","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001118927,0.00009919122,0.000292812,0.0005008106,0.0003399528,0.0005194804,0.000163419,0.0002566462,0.0009620347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0024698,0.000176071,0.0001957512,0.0005915186,0.0003593559,0.0003713035,0.0004159535,0.0003146248,0.0001808895],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002202358,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001513891,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001490292,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002343353,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997404,0.00007705593,0.00001471035,0.00008166687,0.00004225451,0.00004385096],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998996,0.000350872,0.0002761424,0.0001322497,0.0001064791,0.0001382929],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008184066,0.0000707894,0.8737376,0.00006853553,0.0002608481,0.0001905047,0.0006758738,0.003508015,0.09715912,0.0006313677,0.0003481748,0.02253071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007525337,0.00008858676,0.9935043,0.000004845012,0.00002438414,0.00008750527,0.0001921674,0.003895869,0.00139032,0.0004591054,0.0003387925,0.000006387182],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989033,0.00009496848,0.0006843247,0.00002237304,0.000002091367,0.000001724877,0.00007495279,0.00001230628,0.0002039932],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995469,0.00002524328,0.0002438902,0.00000981418,0.000003665795,0.00000224005,0.0001087534,0.000003969449,0.00005546284],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001490292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005917549,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02595949839310422,"score_gpt":0.3044745218637835,"score_spread":0.2785150234706793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}