{"id":"W4416520902","doi":"10.1094/php-09-25-0227-rs","title":"Estimated Soybean Yield and Economic Losses Caused by Diseases in the United States and Ontario, Canada, from 2020 to 2024","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Plant Health Progress","topic":"Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","funders":"Mississippi Soybean Promotion Board; Agricultural Adaptation Council; Louisiana Soybean and Grain Research and Promotion Board; Missouri Soybean Merchandising Council; Indiana Soybean Alliance; Illinois Soybean Association; Wisconsin Soybean Marketing Board; Grain Farmers of Ontario; United Soybean Board; Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board","keywords":"Bushel; Phytophthora; Yield (engineering); Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Root rot; Crop; Sclerotinia; Infestation; Crop yield","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001125613,0.0001095927,0.0001700558,0.00001323893,0.000197715,0.00007643608,0.0001160184,0.00003458239,0.00005012579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009776136,0.00004034116,0.00000834619,0.0001246243,0.0000285088,0.00002372895,0.00003706896,0.00009032052,6.19298e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007696293,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000121357,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9302937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9970897,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999207,0.00005651897,0.0001689201,0.0002365896,0.00007737162,0.0002535667],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994463,0.0003348496,0.00004681543,0.00003625241,0.000007732594,0.0001280462],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002538589,0.0001420097,0.7116361,0.0001279199,0.00004939745,0.0001758759,0.0008173535,0.00002724613,0.002412763,0.0002125935,0.2734158,0.010729],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001752358,0.0001617034,0.9387214,0.0002999648,0.00001467071,0.00000463037,0.001145051,0.0005301565,0.0001437909,0.00018265,0.05842984,0.0001909412],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9797856,0.00226791,6.626715e-7,0.01098566,0.0001021285,0.0003354354,0.006496029,0.00001354001,0.00001298196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940556,0.000602271,0.00002427331,0.003185905,0.00002869312,0.00003757705,0.001900687,7.635687e-7,0.0001642249],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2270852,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1645065,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01703223188709082,"score_gpt":0.2380015536875146,"score_spread":0.2209693218004238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}