{"id":"W4416525967","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-443-33927-1.00020-1","title":"Artificial intelligence for detecting left ventricular hypertrophy using electrocardiography","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Overfitting; Left ventricular hypertrophy; Artificial neural network; Electrocardiography; Data set; Pattern recognition (psychology); Training set; Deep learning; Raw data","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000272333,0.0004341885,0.0009322428,0.0007289373,0.0002592269,0.00005040774,0.0001498848,0.0003675352,0.00002673637],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008638737,0.0004134809,0.001416465,0.00006968516,0.00007535386,0.00001810765,0.0000572855,0.0005698851,0.00001437823],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001498229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001778228,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001587804,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002398136,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980121,0.00001980694,0.0006143146,0.000596636,0.0003383092,0.0004187873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987482,0.0001240038,0.0002271027,0.0005114495,0.0002561765,0.0001330043],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006021891,0.00001094251,0.00005047294,0.0002860446,0.0009883551,0.00008753761,0.00002711347,0.00001294152,0.0009677217,0.0003488735,0.00001167047,0.9971481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002801884,0.0006074529,0.000007537375,0.004716489,0.01141672,0.0002432695,0.0000568244,0.003522046,0.02856364,0.0243944,0.9248208,0.001370603],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.001001009,0.0078616,0.01487084,0.00007657433,0.001038463,0.001463796,0.00003027305,0.0002367466,0.9734207],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02096224,0.0002041536,0.01220004,0.0002261727,0.003286062,0.0000432063,0.00004753381,0.0001672942,0.9628633],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9957775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998317,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02793490652302571,"score_gpt":0.2808281894227923,"score_spread":0.2528932828997665,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}