{"id":"W4416538899","doi":"10.2337/dc25-1508","title":"The Role of Adaptive and Innovative Trial Designs in Diabetes Research: A Scoping Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Diabetes Care","topic":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre; National Health and Medical Research Council; Medical Research Council; Diabetes Victoria; MTPConnect; Servier; Nestlé Health Science; Deakin University; Diabetes Australia; British Heart Foundation; Novo Nordisk; Daiichi-Sankyo; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Diabetes Canada; Sanofi; Amgen; Pfizer; AstraZeneca; Eli Lilly and Company","keywords":"Incentive; Diabetes mellitus; Protocol (science); Research design; Clinical trial; MEDLINE","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007885342,0.0001346345,0.0007584906,0.0001330036,0.0001168452,0.00003024299,0.0002809668,0.0001066746,0.0000139518],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2064591,0.00009348113,0.00006458808,0.001254106,0.0004893445,0.00004050612,0.0002530859,0.000412512,0.000004052812],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005487607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002016059,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002763327,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001330256,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952685,0.002779175,0.0009408018,0.0002901431,0.0003315424,0.0003898844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8704249,0.1282944,0.0001961357,0.0003654477,0.0006778421,0.00004117718],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001834453,0.0002434145,0.03171426,0.02112775,0.0003227967,0.000002744721,0.001664209,4.203697e-7,0.001194157,0.530714,0.002184145,0.4089976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003878226,0.0003126984,0.0003865857,0.0473162,0.0000505494,9.935265e-9,0.001406968,0.00003914019,0.01073263,0.9356676,0.00009202953,0.0001174135],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6953549,0.2534658,0.001162206,0.0019999,0.001198463,0.02276053,0.0004193842,0.0001420137,0.02349679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7619117,0.007312302,0.2269549,0.0007591724,0.0002660864,0.002642456,0.000006357551,0.00007604924,0.00007097697],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4088802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8002252,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.6309787262186826,"score_gpt":0.6005206558920146,"score_spread":0.03045807032666792,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}