{"id":"W4416548554","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c01639","title":"Acoustic Analysis of Photothermal Boiling in Nanofluids","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions; Campus France; Norges Forskningsråd","keywords":"Nanofluid; Boiling; Bubble; Heat transfer; Nucleate boiling; Vaporization; Thermal; Analytical Chemistry (journal)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000236698,0.0001638185,0.0004938811,0.0006485973,0.00004013906,0.00001446061,0.0002452489,0.0001369894,0.0006576127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005370133,0.0001517962,0.0002332742,0.001905615,0.00004306129,0.00005688106,0.00005030234,0.00008045547,0.000008351608],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005829601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000052586,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02166649,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006968151,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986749,0.0001298753,0.0004805369,0.0002674882,0.0001768652,0.0002703222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992338,0.0001739881,0.0001152037,0.0003814161,0.00005108533,0.00004446744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006771087,0.00008533737,0.01312758,0.00003782824,0.0009604853,0.00001484236,0.0003377787,0.02002325,0.9471393,0.01252387,0.00006180599,0.005620212],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009068,0.00004824506,0.02400511,0.0001644748,0.0007111952,0.000001808187,0.0004396134,0.008524338,0.9349163,0.00120771,0.02872251,0.0003519411],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9297122,0.00114317,0.001006695,0.00001399702,0.000335481,0.00004071972,0.000009143991,0.00004945591,0.06768914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935201,0.00004537315,0.00003936718,0.0002403509,0.00005479727,0.00003411348,0.00002005042,0.00001667613,0.006029166],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06380791,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9848483,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009560968517118448,"score_gpt":0.2410587607678425,"score_spread":0.231497792250724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}