{"id":"W4416552075","doi":"10.1080/0309877x.2025.2583099","title":"Comparative analysis of academic performance in business management education: foundation year vs. non-foundation students in UAE higher education","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Further and Higher Education","topic":"Accounting Education and Careers","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Higher education; Foundation (evidence); Business education; Business management; Further education","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001345761,0.0002375526,0.0003839471,0.002842931,0.0007250718,0.001292453,0.0003299186,0.0004167391,0.002804751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004885359,0.00009205725,0.000268488,0.002097918,0.0004359155,0.0007176043,0.001132943,0.0003948157,0.0007345232],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006703809,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006638995,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003742125,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007850765,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989582,0.0002363029,0.0001064144,0.00008240229,0.0002978927,0.0003186736],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953554,0.0008125422,0.001078972,0.0001121346,0.001085504,0.001555603],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001287789,0.0002985427,0.9811163,0.00003387027,0.00003484768,0.0001330239,0.002273609,0.00008334211,0.0002219438,0.0001129713,0.0003200758,0.01524252],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001058273,0.0002022116,0.9965121,0.000008185111,0.000004403417,0.00005500533,0.002753092,0.00005889022,0.00009622943,0.0000160764,0.0002889763,0.0000038306],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991176,0.00009262399,0.00001372069,0.00002645313,0.000004333214,0.000002158283,0.00005325851,0.000001871788,0.0006880639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994623,0.00004952115,0.00001563994,0.000006949813,0.000005153857,0.000001708146,0.00006920497,7.763113e-7,0.000388764],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003742125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009382844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0160550222536901,"score_gpt":0.3268369435746956,"score_spread":0.3107819213210055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}