{"id":"W4416602937","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.22788","title":"Time-varying wind-turbine wakes at high Reynolds numbers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ArXiv.org","topic":"Wind Energy Research and Development","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University; Princeton University","keywords":"Wake; Strouhal number; Thrust; Reynolds number; Turbine; Vortex shedding; Aerodynamics; Wake turbulence; Rotor (electric)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002136197,0.0004915402,0.0005259325,0.0002461679,0.000148599,0.00005974236,0.000573067,0.0004708367,0.0009489188],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006339345,0.0004965059,0.0001788047,0.000268503,0.00006895367,0.00009024507,0.001128868,0.0008822926,0.001310628],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005836076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001760805,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002031014,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003697235,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977575,0.00004414853,0.0004391642,0.0005939995,0.0004145348,0.0007506757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987354,0.00009151634,0.00005353214,0.0007879391,0.00008184336,0.0002497292],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001609614,0.0001450165,0.1488198,0.002489185,0.002439345,0.0005004785,0.001460962,0.6184825,0.009798028,0.0001567861,0.2091946,0.006352331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004406483,0.0001548833,0.3534207,0.004364227,0.000376647,0.00005691398,0.0001460705,0.03169943,0.1548582,0.001452814,0.4423913,0.006672319],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9417573,0.0008946648,0.00009791426,0.0003977614,0.001417455,0.0002412765,0.00005081027,0.0007987401,0.05434408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9412335,0.0006580368,0.001185486,0.0001725655,0.0005087606,0.00009147603,0.0005121455,0.0000935011,0.05554453],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5867831,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999644,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01917378319904316,"score_gpt":0.236460781814389,"score_spread":0.2172869986153458,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}