{"id":"W4416640083","doi":"10.4324/9781003661832-4","title":"Immigrant Workers and Low Pay","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Commonwealth; Immigration; Indigenous; Population; Race (biology); Quarter (Canadian coin); Australian population","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001405397,0.0001524623,0.0002871255,0.00133774,0.003141065,0.002399395,0.0006326896,0.001734144,0.01532111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006174449,0.0001339911,0.0002544473,0.001173828,0.002383916,0.0008289776,0.002375181,0.002189384,0.0008394052],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009560143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001132447,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01213214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01184142,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987429,0.0003545317,0.00005976177,0.00008134896,0.0002355666,0.0005258612],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965957,0.0008254593,0.000809365,0.0001485423,0.0002506287,0.001370257],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003614677,0.0006238205,0.8455975,0.000175578,0.00007310697,0.002596626,0.03622358,0.0001009988,0.0003690013,0.03430154,0.01622688,0.06334988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007391842,0.0004762409,0.8285826,0.0008466052,0.00006440636,0.004429156,0.09617724,0.0002717869,0.0001874698,0.01425886,0.05455426,0.00007749281],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.9391789,0.003641885,0.0001077445,0.0136972,0.0003918333,0.00001460366,0.0001350085,0.000008874171,0.04282391],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931824,0.001070617,0.00004185632,0.0009523911,0.0001372297,0.000005751033,0.00004606642,0.000003530864,0.004560173],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01532111,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05125421,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008726055536078949,"score_gpt":0.2540790915301303,"score_spread":0.2453530359940513,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}