{"id":"W4416642424","doi":"10.1075/rro.22012.kel","title":"New observations on the grammaticalisation path of <i>où est-ce que</i> in Quebec French","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Revue Romane Langue et littérature International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Grammaticalization; Adverbial; Ambiguity; Function (biology); Path (computing); Subject (documents); Variety (cybernetics)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003845401,0.0001532832,0.0002614776,0.0002225786,0.00005495065,0.0003166066,0.0003231803,0.00008840687,0.00008687656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007613073,0.0001050094,0.00009565749,0.0001118858,0.00005347935,0.0002247307,0.00003739356,0.0003819999,0.000001013035],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005421337,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001181038,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005986351,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01771322,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987763,0.0001152038,0.0005437419,0.0001449201,0.0002941786,0.000125623],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984875,0.0004738008,0.0004328704,0.0001707199,0.0003967707,0.00003834725],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004870085,0.00006880378,0.0009091811,0.00007225638,0.00009713617,0.00004869555,0.03435528,0.00004874729,0.0004051452,0.9597538,0.002442036,0.001750234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004672755,0.0006719043,0.2978919,0.01847239,0.0004097512,0.0002219085,0.02930433,0.001256659,0.00184237,0.4380564,0.2060869,0.001112749],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7046155,0.01303682,0.001144324,0.2510315,0.004547707,0.0005727672,0.0002512931,0.00005408705,0.02474601],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894272,0.0002096727,0.001529117,0.00142058,0.001729393,0.000004728653,0.00006549939,0.00001218941,0.005601624],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5216974,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9884394,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01243584884410004,"score_gpt":0.2603356394552397,"score_spread":0.2478997906111396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}