{"id":"W4416642424","doi":"10.1075/rro.22012.kel","title":"New observations on the grammaticalisation path of <i>où est-ce que</i> in Quebec French","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Revue Romane Langue et littérature International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures","topic":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Grammaticalization; Adverbial; Ambiguity; Function (biology); Path (computing); Subject (documents); Variety (cybernetics)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009950541,0.0002272846,0.0002005665,0.002597506,0.001659638,0.001666929,0.0004500274,0.000416052,0.008387994],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003662532,0.0001492142,0.0001650399,0.003196409,0.002051492,0.0008789737,0.0005290852,0.0006645312,0.000277627],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01563076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002819341,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8916459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9354757,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993838,0.0002184856,0.00002517104,0.0001468859,0.0001276898,0.00009789832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966651,0.001634245,0.0003551274,0.0001706417,0.001079626,0.00009525637],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006851972,0.00008321713,0.2020171,0.000653037,0.0001805603,0.003413967,0.4210372,0.003390177,0.04625837,0.1021294,0.01893002,0.2012218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001765871,0.00007086749,0.7259839,0.0002146865,0.0000491684,0.0007857826,0.06368557,0.002514441,0.00427544,0.002254739,0.1999941,0.0001536524],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9372423,0.001532925,0.004910915,0.001523086,0.00002955422,0.00004033235,0.002446952,0.0001287778,0.05214514],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953656,0.0001857262,0.0006493972,0.00006267271,0.000005773022,0.000009027791,0.0004037863,0.00003148894,0.003286463],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1083541,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2179844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01243584884410004,"score_gpt":0.2603356394552397,"score_spread":0.2478997906111396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}