{"id":"W4416674336","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c04321","title":"Contact Line Ice Nucleation Is the Dominant Freezing Mechanism for Water on Macro- and Microscopic Polypropylene Surfaces","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Langmuir","topic":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia; Austrian Science Fund","keywords":"Polypropylene; Nucleation; Contact angle; Ice nucleus; Line (geometry); Ice crystals","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008853175,0.0002456785,0.0001610033,0.000211564,0.000225964,0.0003121101,0.0001614542,0.0002069771,0.001184473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001923645,0.0001762497,0.0002241055,0.0001372915,0.0003030537,0.0005876558,0.0002050978,0.0004005557,0.0001500675],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002754613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009465306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001063663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001046301,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998771,0.000005465771,0.000005129693,0.00003727917,0.00004521814,0.00002988783],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998785,0.00003294728,0.00004438833,0.00001174032,0.00001799974,0.00001440335],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002968699,0.000009296331,0.00186468,0.00005169066,0.000005848591,0.0001259634,0.00005547978,0.0004025801,0.9955127,0.00009714912,0.00004245118,0.001802561],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004428937,0.0000831267,0.02320808,0.000009400844,0.000007270828,0.0001437955,0.00008169882,0.005472777,0.9700561,0.00008675323,0.0008379709,0.000008533191],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992732,0.0004461322,0.0053215,0.0000204068,0.000008424237,0.00002808912,0.0001296196,0.00004646774,0.00126745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974189,0.0002216355,0.001805688,0.000008930189,0.000002889605,0.00001349489,0.00009781893,0.00001086623,0.0004198733],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001184473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003962398,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008032476174253867,"score_gpt":0.2266326218989707,"score_spread":0.2186001457247169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}