{"id":"W4416714585","doi":"10.1109/access.2025.3631666","title":"Loss of Synchronism Protection of Synchronous Condensers in Modern Power Systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Access","topic":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Manitoba Hydro; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Synchronism; Phasor; Electric power system; Transient (computer programming); Control theory (sociology); Power-system protection; Grid","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007855951,0.00008294267,0.000198652,0.0001652191,0.00001138041,0.00002102268,0.0001471867,0.00008059241,0.000007792668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007444318,0.0000855957,0.0000307218,0.0002236758,0.00002370707,0.0001579027,0.00001350511,0.00007694569,0.000001093811],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007242079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002924233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002585714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000401201,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994219,0.00001830601,0.0002751469,0.0000974549,0.00007362039,0.0001135734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997104,0.00001583257,0.00005332357,0.0001465812,0.00006069627,0.00001320378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001960319,0.00002235857,0.0007429368,0.0004938222,0.0000417763,0.000002170927,0.0001212875,0.9765019,0.01949347,0.00007234611,0.00005591205,0.00243236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000793048,0.00002454794,0.001570487,0.0002958544,0.00001862232,0.000002502478,0.00004378061,0.9599666,0.03693245,0.0001655653,0.0000689541,0.0001175704],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7339391,0.002297978,0.2609725,0.00001611439,0.0008323286,0.000506721,0.00000924137,0.00007249856,0.001353505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997882,0.00008013426,0.00003200765,0.000005468742,0.00001059157,0.00004157246,0.000001681418,0.00001059859,0.00002969093],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2658491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3490492,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007190356687021774,"score_gpt":0.2262460534398024,"score_spread":0.2190556967527806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}