{"id":"W4416720653","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-65551-z","title":"An expansive global oxygenation of Earth’s surface environments 1.4 billion years ago","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Regina; University of Alberta; Lakehead University","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Key Research and Development Program of China; China Association for Science and Technology","keywords":"Expansive; Biogeochemical cycle; Sedimentary rock; Oxygenation; Seawater; Manganese; Period (music)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001503787,0.0002762485,0.0001507934,0.0004100179,0.0005067791,0.0004649714,0.000193307,0.0003145576,0.001830641],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002675297,0.000117847,0.0001524428,0.0004568203,0.0005691067,0.0005899109,0.000756581,0.0003486212,0.0002626943],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006477705,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004398729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007683968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01010706,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999459,0.000003271855,0.00000292183,0.00002518935,0.00001125543,0.00001146232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999104,0.000005832471,0.00003486029,0.00001150333,0.00002330298,0.00001427567],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004136658,0.0000413425,0.6008517,0.000639681,0.0003140522,0.001065033,0.002832916,0.003375134,0.2791044,0.00829208,0.002216803,0.1008532],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006486239,0.00008151117,0.9768823,0.00003553581,0.00007207324,0.0003745444,0.0003955281,0.0006875496,0.005491421,0.001174503,0.01478682,0.00001172994],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914013,0.001701193,0.001017979,0.0004580735,0.00003392577,0.000006252899,0.0004389107,0.00008501336,0.004857345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969849,0.0009217638,0.0004349823,0.00008007652,0.00002142569,0.000004151049,0.0002798895,0.00001034789,0.001262532],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007683968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01527846,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01293597410613112,"score_gpt":0.2761950438406744,"score_spread":0.2632590697345433,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}