{"id":"W4416728576","doi":"10.1109/mwscas53549.2025.11244511","title":"Efficient and Secure Neural Network Inference with Homomorphic Encryption","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Cryptography and Data Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Homomorphic encryption; MNIST database; Speedup; Inference; Artificial neural network; Cloud computing; Latency (audio); Computation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004550835,0.0003980456,0.000359263,0.0002216454,0.0006343547,0.0007326834,0.0007410304,0.000177248,0.00008819643],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000032726,0.000324626,0.00008246831,0.002554543,0.0004685166,0.0003421139,0.0008512206,0.0005052133,0.00001668967],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002472263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002117364,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001301143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002688635,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973078,0.0001794642,0.0004031644,0.001027796,0.0003867265,0.0006949888],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982449,0.0002552324,0.0001377178,0.0009501917,0.0001903623,0.0002216227],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002192527,0.0002394419,0.008756813,0.0001414144,0.00007029554,0.00003349105,0.0009493962,0.01939833,0.00004318887,0.9469749,0.001092181,0.02208128],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001100312,0.0008279279,0.0273408,0.0004125011,0.00009334545,0.00003729774,0.0001257218,0.957761,0.00007370016,0.009272587,0.002363656,0.0005910995],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3017465,0.002467297,0.6912054,0.001222949,0.0007366799,0.0004129699,0.00001316333,0.0002083687,0.001986612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875511,0.0002343689,0.01119394,0.0008597746,0.0001023897,0.00001608954,0.000006365776,0.000009197552,0.00002676582],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9383627,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999206,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008553379776621541,"score_gpt":0.2320799719817822,"score_spread":0.2235265922051606,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}