{"id":"W4416734784","doi":"10.1038/s43586-025-00446-3","title":"Light detection and ranging of natural systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Reviews Methods Primers","topic":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Ranging; Geospatial analysis; Bathymetry; Point cloud; Data acquisition; Workflow","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001327495,0.00009550528,0.0002540547,0.00005401589,0.00008155207,0.00001299775,0.00009220354,0.0001273569,0.000007619885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00022481,0.00007225382,0.00007002428,0.000473041,0.00004783131,0.00004949675,0.00005153352,0.0003137208,0.000008591256],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005678914,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005486208,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005293246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004222239,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989716,0.0003791579,0.000239359,0.0002155427,0.00008708536,0.0001072261],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994869,0.0001167524,0.0001209483,0.0002362302,0.000009321199,0.0000298473],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002725637,0.000004460678,0.00005614333,0.00006488773,0.000008447312,7.814889e-8,0.00004457671,0.000007244288,0.260719,0.0001774119,0.0003025152,0.7386125],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001054165,0.000007500406,0.002126401,0.0001580663,0.00006786294,0.000007884643,0.00003497627,0.001715972,0.07303146,0.0001680836,0.9224726,0.0001037533],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02411073,0.4946459,0.3590261,0.001154425,0.002856128,0.002700628,0.00000149663,0.0001469142,0.1153577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5144065,0.005758735,0.4776652,0.0002975238,0.00005302998,0.00001304325,0.00000157046,0.00001551055,0.001788953],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9221701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2946425,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009627890946577917,"score_gpt":0.3429767950998574,"score_spread":0.3333489041532795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}