{"id":"W4416772489","doi":"10.1016/j.ijheh.2025.114714","title":"Assessing welding fume exposure in professional welders: An exploratory study of biomarkers and metabolomic profiles","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health","topic":"Occupational exposure and asthma","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Alberta Innovates; 3M","keywords":"Metabolomics; Biomonitoring; Exposure assessment; Urine; Receiver operating characteristic; Urinalysis; Urinary system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005335415,0.00009541769,0.0002662057,0.0003603356,0.00004872475,0.00001978406,0.00007359422,0.00003750863,0.0000194085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000185431,0.00007765807,0.00003143445,0.00006549538,0.0000621971,0.0004607475,0.00005824159,0.0001618315,2.081622e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001054782,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000168036,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003219988,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000273242,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987381,0.0001131681,0.0005555809,0.000140187,0.0003511937,0.0001018217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994809,0.00005151997,0.0002875271,0.00006077627,0.00003122674,0.00008807346],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008223836,0.001905661,0.9232648,0.00006785072,0.0002259479,0.00006319741,0.00273716,0.00003372052,0.008986458,0.00005755505,0.00009461462,0.06174065],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003381448,0.001233236,0.9534885,0.0004661439,0.00002852092,0.0000926283,0.03925038,0.0001114978,0.001564408,0.00009713443,0.0002197736,0.00006634803],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966222,0.001684404,0.00004314856,0.00105637,0.0003579647,0.0001800936,0.000007708391,0.000002515546,0.00004559904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985726,0.0003682704,0.0006429759,0.0002906937,0.00006792272,0.000003955096,0.00001445664,0.00000622986,0.00003288961],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0616743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3166804,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02063189200218923,"score_gpt":0.3478156126146831,"score_spread":0.3271837206124939,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}