{"id":"W4416818940","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119908","title":"Lamb wave-based improved virtual time-reversal method for damage detection of barely visible indentation damage in CF/EP sandwich composites","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Composite Structures","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; Acoustical Society of America","keywords":"Lamb waves; Indentation; Interference (communication); Guided wave testing; Structural health monitoring; SIGNAL (programming language); Probabilistic logic; Delamination (geology); Excitation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001838571,0.0002033759,0.000282295,0.0003285929,0.00008594574,0.00006397819,0.0001403238,0.0001412371,0.00002026445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004613371,0.0002110648,0.00008234719,0.0003428276,0.00003249439,0.0001261509,0.00002823709,0.0001912689,9.668074e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001010484,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003526216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006953826,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006942832,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998997,0.00006414906,0.0003706431,0.000229897,0.0001287405,0.0002096186],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999286,0.0003036798,0.0000812704,0.0001866285,0.0001048438,0.00003755237],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001264094,0.0000177936,0.0002608931,0.0001770832,0.00004619069,7.062997e-7,0.00009983044,0.1072394,0.8857459,0.0002730251,0.00005306294,0.005959691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008996379,0.00007347425,0.01552173,0.00004176068,0.00004282855,6.000559e-7,0.00002126136,0.5288171,0.4536862,0.0007482179,0.00003343996,0.000113784],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5399883,0.00006094655,0.4590698,0.00001962344,0.000222557,0.0003596805,0.00006022691,0.00007243319,0.0001464273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9565753,0.000003431086,0.04306661,0.00004459701,0.00004045287,0.00002483056,0.0001715236,0.00002737482,0.00004583795],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4320597,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8606973,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005074030593180902,"score_gpt":0.2403329774516333,"score_spread":0.2352589468584524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}