{"id":"W4416818940","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119908","title":"Lamb wave-based improved virtual time-reversal method for damage detection of barely visible indentation damage in CF/EP sandwich composites","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Composite Structures","topic":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; Acoustical Society of America","keywords":"Lamb waves; Indentation; Interference (communication); Guided wave testing; Structural health monitoring; SIGNAL (programming language); Probabilistic logic; Delamination (geology); Excitation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002795788,0.0003560079,0.0002768346,0.0004530535,0.0001257343,0.0003423127,0.0005855031,0.0004186867,0.001575926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004338234,0.0001870431,0.0002122157,0.0002639138,0.0002715497,0.0006267282,0.0003364692,0.0003413834,0.0003178698],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001413287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002582855,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003814992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009197903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998274,0.00003166679,0.000007934211,0.0000237859,0.00009541409,0.00001369998],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996184,0.00009730012,0.00005678498,0.00005494564,0.0001512541,0.00002125399],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002795363,0.0001118242,0.0007228052,0.0002077738,0.00003285638,0.0001286724,0.00007929039,0.01077364,0.8555702,0.002358058,0.0005580715,0.1291773],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002222903,0.0002409184,0.002302748,0.00001324233,0.00003829235,0.0005653236,0.00004718707,0.6241843,0.3701106,0.0005941022,0.001828678,0.00005240981],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2683314,0.0007537583,0.7265681,0.0001224983,0.0001257122,0.00004775853,0.00009247159,0.0007149369,0.003243311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6776893,0.0004256882,0.317919,0.00006922254,0.00003336716,0.00003605501,0.000105815,0.00005705224,0.003664509],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001575926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005271971,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005074030593180902,"score_gpt":0.2403329774516333,"score_spread":0.2352589468584524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}