{"id":"W4416827694","doi":"10.64628/aam.xqmhy659t","title":"The AI bubble isn’t new — Karl Marx explained the mechanisms behind it nearly 150 years ago","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Bubble; Perspective (graphical)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001434829,0.0004311221,0.0003126647,0.0001309365,0.002512742,0.002747491,0.005717275,0.0002371171,0.001418909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002166358,0.0002910135,0.0002812699,0.001595577,0.0004782863,0.0007785574,0.001715102,0.0007190917,0.004462316],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001674646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001378907,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002829655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004082972,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958956,0.0002539289,0.0009734686,0.001091829,0.0007780161,0.00100717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948382,0.001055423,0.0002464127,0.003255187,0.0003231808,0.0002815397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000131326,0.00006485468,0.000007906548,0.000002955698,0.00005877109,0.000003033247,0.00287671,0.0002590785,0.0008638076,0.6768246,0.1374777,0.1815474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001808196,0.0001487971,0.000301776,0.00005665637,0.00008962668,0.000008512848,0.003462528,0.161972,0.02510525,0.4536854,0.3544727,0.0005159635],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003634419,0.0004560348,0.7833975,0.1878892,0.001483259,0.001138869,0.000004527121,0.0001506395,0.02511656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4633755,0.0003588552,0.02241552,0.03172802,0.0005332608,0.0003576371,0.000004738474,0.00006170141,0.4811648],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.760982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999542,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02546745386307357,"score_gpt":0.3009490329590087,"score_spread":0.2754815790959351,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}