{"id":"W4416861815","doi":"10.3390/f16121792","title":"Classification Framework of Introduced Crabapple (Malus spp.) Cultivars Based on Morphological and Numerical Traits: Insights for Germplasm Conservation and Landscape Forestry","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Forests","topic":"Berry genetics and cultivation research","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Germplasm; Cultivar; Ornamental plant; Temperate climate; Taxonomy (biology)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001033934,0.00009714577,0.000146337,0.00002570144,0.0001355067,0.00003738073,0.00008893111,0.0001568506,0.000049845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002347877,0.00004235614,0.00003488073,0.0002631762,0.000087525,0.00003301772,0.00002865373,0.0001042383,0.000001183348],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008151639,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001451666,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001599446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008059283,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992117,0.00004679714,0.0001850348,0.0002747425,0.0001388028,0.000142873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992359,0.0004851438,0.00006675358,0.00004831447,0.0001053304,0.00005856478],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0011418,0.0005845763,0.5971796,0.0001281273,0.00004646511,0.000004010675,0.0001501393,0.000191072,0.2433992,0.06657252,0.006560605,0.08404194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003169492,0.0003514439,0.956781,0.00003631603,0.000007476488,0.000001131437,0.00009934731,0.03251217,0.001438119,0.006586343,0.001789167,0.00008056131],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939089,0.00005870258,0.001389167,0.003910971,0.00003405822,0.0003780173,0.00003507365,0.00001774775,0.0002673368],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985096,0.00001357698,0.0009457796,0.0002608837,0.00004969752,0.00007061745,0.00007950923,9.720213e-7,0.00006936133],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3596014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1727233,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02873268048241899,"score_gpt":0.2809302697647346,"score_spread":0.2521975892823156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}