{"id":"W4416862139","doi":"10.1002/jeo2.70504","title":"Recurring low statistical robustness in orthopaedic surgery: A systematic review of 84 fragility index studies","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics","topic":"Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Fragility; Robustness (evolution); Index (typography); Statistical analysis; Systematic error","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","metaepi_broad"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005392013,0.000742499,0.01676321,0.0009663615,0.00004791015,0.00001931684,0.0002926743,0.0003890551,0.00009479051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009297498,0.0004939368,0.005143611,0.00117066,0.0002786493,0.0001363417,0.0001606133,0.001199164,0.000003167636],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006901827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001837462,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000576931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001654318,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9901125,0.001573456,0.00584877,0.0004225492,0.001589966,0.0004527105],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9885723,0.007026147,0.002889129,0.0005961842,0.0005597874,0.0003564306],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001100898,0.000513029,0.001492781,0.9815207,0.001444215,0.002927874,0.00007191024,0.000001018792,1.638807e-7,0.0001401878,0.0004332776,0.01134478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000715375,0.0002010787,0.00006102495,0.9664657,0.005700393,0.002147681,0.0003492302,0.000004761161,0.000002390149,0.000002192538,0.02400518,0.0003450467],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001267992,0.9965399,0.0001094888,0.00007298171,0.0008372046,0.0019636,0.00002983758,0.00001524169,0.000304928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002533555,0.99857,0.0003205129,0.0002755441,0.000210645,0.0001088018,0.00003565739,0.00005465938,0.0001708842],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0235719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997512,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04511580570158838,"score_gpt":0.3953457360786944,"score_spread":0.350229930377106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}