{"id":"W4416862949","doi":"10.23977/jaip.2025.080319","title":"A Review of the Basic Applications of Machine Vision in Medical Image Segmentation","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Practice","topic":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Segmentation; Image segmentation; Scale-space segmentation; Medical imaging; Segmentation-based object categorization; Machine vision; Image processing","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006792689,0.0004464476,0.00184758,0.0005426554,0.0001798856,0.0000730575,0.003779533,0.0002703474,0.0002146],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01069051,0.0003231653,0.000852896,0.006527846,0.000495534,0.001597894,0.0008094871,0.00210429,0.00002827769],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002720491,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002567768,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003385258,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003106277,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9885808,0.002077886,0.006513207,0.0005691953,0.001913743,0.0003451348],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9762344,0.008035718,0.0116748,0.001363152,0.002497731,0.0001942056],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004075605,0.0008895343,0.000001324491,0.0223184,0.00006718358,0.00001005223,0.0001372324,0.000195757,0.0001005176,0.008327805,0.0002484597,0.967663],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001628663,0.000661195,0.000007763761,0.4524596,0.002476851,0.001145734,0.0003810521,0.01629129,0.004333776,0.01692951,0.5044169,0.0007333904],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[7.928703e-7,0.5071629,0.4841453,0.006630712,0.0003686308,0.00143382,0.00001315661,0.000003686977,0.0002410196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001574136,0.9554254,0.0429032,0.001155882,0.0001993151,0.0001068902,0.000004758595,0.00001944052,0.00002768437],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9669296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999922,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0457293447663657,"score_gpt":0.4377513891707622,"score_spread":0.3920220444043965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}