{"id":"W4416871886","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5818842","title":"Athens v Ontario: What Can The First Democracy Teach Us About Judicial Review?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Democracy; Legislation; Ultra vires; Judicial review; Constitutional review; Constitution; Supreme court; Ethos; Legislature","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009912921,0.0002620129,0.0005679877,0.001090396,0.02449355,0.007870259,0.002025138,0.01073698,0.01251854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04923188,0.0004502613,0.0004987566,0.001805884,0.01793803,0.006293163,0.003091287,0.009874604,0.0008287102],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1538402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.2521478,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9747251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9925197,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9864248,0.003030799,0.0002545414,0.001042249,0.004018794,0.005228757],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9716428,0.01281917,0.002816905,0.001052186,0.004547653,0.00712128],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002137832,0.00009989648,0.02317162,0.0002884278,0.00007271028,0.0006889499,0.022803,0.0005245563,0.0003724522,0.6410165,0.2809166,0.02983155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003044728,0.00009357419,0.1047203,0.001188543,0.0001375932,0.0002693892,0.03087024,0.0006787989,0.0007554692,0.2025355,0.6582067,0.0002394106],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05880386,0.005101295,0.0003613737,0.7332945,0.0005720545,0.00006025578,0.0003562642,0.0000291659,0.2014213],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8239959,0.004158582,0.0005708305,0.09665433,0.0007173751,0.00008819855,0.0001115406,0.00004940098,0.07365391],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1538402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9814254,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01023636273479129,"score_gpt":0.2756719854647431,"score_spread":0.2654356227299518,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}