{"id":"W4416880080","doi":"10.1080/00219592.2025.2588982","title":"Comprehensive Analysis of the Overall Gas Holdup Profiles in Various Air-Water Bubble Columns","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Sparging; Exponent; Homogeneous; Bubble; Mass transfer; Contactor; Flow (mathematics); Gas bubble","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001107595,0.0001241955,0.0004864653,0.0003502851,0.000007036309,0.000007875258,0.0002443242,0.00008357142,0.00001220401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004737552,0.00009245572,0.0002577333,0.0004719802,0.00002751437,0.00005635275,0.00005811241,0.0002942526,2.370442e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001042072,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002625851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002711699,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002410382,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989971,0.000007677397,0.0005719698,0.00007196868,0.0001700913,0.0001812012],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995314,0.00007509849,0.00007599683,0.0001650657,0.0001045641,0.00004789545],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007198204,0.00002044687,0.0009158977,0.0001262352,0.0003533386,0.000001097743,0.0001250125,0.4642086,0.5339547,0.0001680845,0.00007013295,0.0000493023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005689781,0.00002280567,0.01039697,0.0003275506,0.0003349854,0.000007172825,0.00002690625,0.5269305,0.4607491,0.00013034,0.0003638653,0.0001408469],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970768,0.0002766378,0.002130732,0.00006423548,0.0001962387,0.00006137101,0.00000643341,0.00001315081,0.0001743798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986041,0.00002372153,0.001290267,0.00001789948,0.00002327889,0.000001212945,0.000002235264,0.00001409778,0.00002319425],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07320561,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3770235,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003331349603114751,"score_gpt":0.1849834605441404,"score_spread":0.1816521109410256,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}