{"id":"W4416902892","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.19670","title":"A search for Maunder-minimum candidate stars","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ArXiv.org","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; W. M. Keck Foundation; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Australian Astronomical Optics-Macquarie; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Macquarie University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Johns Hopkins University; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Stars; Metallicity; Spectral line; Flux (metallurgy); Stellar classification; Radiative transfer","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000331344,0.0001934333,0.000333281,0.001296171,0.0003450283,0.000620836,0.0002975888,0.0002756542,0.002133131],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000623407,0.0001105132,0.0002093225,0.0005554958,0.0001304484,0.0002424297,0.0005030461,0.000138903,0.0006639713],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001095564,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001271395,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004731085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00131909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998438,0.00002215784,0.00001213955,0.00005662725,0.00003208124,0.0000330802],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993823,0.00009179787,0.0002020223,0.00004967535,0.00009408384,0.0001801087],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000978774,0.00002975514,0.971463,0.0000288337,0.00003168445,0.0002157724,0.0001532476,0.00009095594,0.0152379,0.0001132976,0.0001988971,0.01233891],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006080797,0.0001198033,0.9959012,0.000008626069,0.00001990643,0.0004512366,0.0002549764,0.0004987684,0.001800678,0.00005874835,0.0008764878,0.000003496039],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986405,0.0001296033,0.0003255733,0.00001726183,0.000001801183,0.000008145678,0.0001085429,0.00001853065,0.0007499963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976942,0.00006334005,0.001087896,0.00001662663,0.000006700983,0.0000072222,0.0006471074,0.000006441692,0.0004705428],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002133131,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007136047,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04485161094664039,"score_gpt":0.2937917576886286,"score_spread":0.2489401467419882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}