{"id":"W4416902892","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.19670","title":"A search for Maunder-minimum candidate stars","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"ArXiv.org","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Leibniz-Gemeinschaft; W. M. Keck Foundation; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Australian Astronomical Optics-Macquarie; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Macquarie University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Johns Hopkins University; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Stars; Metallicity; Spectral line; Flux (metallurgy); Stellar classification; Radiative transfer","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001924204,0.0003849615,0.0005401019,0.0001041699,0.0002351378,0.0000634639,0.0003691386,0.0001385657,0.0002928893],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001224365,0.0003698734,0.0002607806,0.00008855958,0.00007915933,0.00003672189,0.0005407624,0.0005228735,0.00009317384],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004837886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003091934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00198864,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006008862,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982526,0.00005399261,0.0003346326,0.0006419679,0.0001900893,0.0005267123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986864,0.0003730895,0.0001261915,0.0005805384,0.000134072,0.00009975965],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005825262,0.0000628312,0.9873704,0.000209085,0.0006985487,0.00000260618,0.0005325158,0.0001398939,0.000005701716,0.0003880668,0.008612033,0.001920082],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001461505,0.0001029752,0.9573772,0.0002808003,0.0005409401,7.282201e-7,0.0008104137,0.0006429238,0.001360601,0.003078329,0.03344664,0.000896954],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8786906,0.0006931592,0.003430048,0.001013151,0.0020204,0.00118136,0.0007465108,0.00007993971,0.1121449],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885513,0.0000796548,0.0002967065,0.0001681518,0.00088161,0.0001657804,0.0007785305,0.00002742897,0.009050863],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1098607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998753,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04485161094664039,"score_gpt":0.2937917576886286,"score_spread":0.2489401467419882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}