{"id":"W4416910316","doi":"10.2147/opth.s549820","title":"Comparing Ophthalmologist and Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Responses to Patient Questions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Clinical ophthalmology","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"St. Michael's Hospital; Mount Sinai Hospital; University of Toronto; Queen's University; University of British Columbia; University of Alberta; University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Chatbot; Empathy; MEDLINE; Virtual patient","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01608089,0.0003034811,0.00038215,0.001320591,0.0004517637,0.001088274,0.0004387209,0.0006742455,0.002160943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.09457953,0.0002115105,0.0003867633,0.000680071,0.0005624865,0.0009351585,0.001394987,0.0005645122,0.0006601712],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009126263,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008357084,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001815768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002032472,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9824083,0.01170334,0.001665654,0.001198356,0.00239988,0.0006244161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8718567,0.08376697,0.02732337,0.003359111,0.01074398,0.002949744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002017641,0.0005331914,0.9560638,0.0002820189,0.0001337761,0.0002066179,0.01056347,0.000264104,0.001466487,0.00005824619,0.0008452473,0.0275654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001002782,0.002395074,0.9865403,0.0001057248,0.00007475057,0.0005039042,0.005476408,0.001775951,0.001346657,0.00007904387,0.001566904,0.000035181],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982444,0.00009441439,0.0004185931,0.00009152186,0.00001373453,0.0001152838,0.0001724639,0.00001686923,0.0008328089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982204,0.00005890511,0.0007043308,0.0001619403,0.00002055234,0.0002285568,0.0002364132,0.000009359394,0.0003594611],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01608089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08504486,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4595891035189415,"score_gpt":0.5629351826938627,"score_spread":0.1033460791749212,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}