{"id":"W4416941319","doi":"10.3390/membranes15120366","title":"The Evaluation of Ammonium Sulphate as a Potential Draw Solute in a Hybrid FO-RO Process to Concentrate Nutrients (NPK) from a Simulated Liquid Digestate—Part I: Deionized Water as a Feed Solution","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Membranes","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; University of Ottawa","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Forward osmosis; Osmotic pressure; Potassium; Osmosis; Process (computing); Membrane; Digestate; Nutrient; Phosphorus","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004392892,0.0003642237,0.0004342315,0.0002849439,0.0002481118,0.0005567476,0.0004116294,0.0005891116,0.0002964612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004402641,0.0001973432,0.0003903694,0.0002234892,0.0002619619,0.0005561151,0.0003953141,0.0004293403,0.0001851097],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003029931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002224454,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001060581,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001500989,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996959,0.00005375075,0.00002577947,0.00006612539,0.0001198947,0.00003861182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999837,0.00004415408,0.00003444217,0.0000144179,0.00004518698,0.00002477792],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000553975,0.00002139033,0.000110467,0.00004760775,0.000007362878,0.0000248799,0.00001244378,0.0001469957,0.9984998,0.00002137288,0.000007336648,0.001045006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005552453,0.0003132518,0.0006900713,0.000002799161,0.0000158048,0.00003711372,0.00002383875,0.00168232,0.9967943,0.00000909373,0.0004204822,0.000005330137],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951474,0.0004128856,0.003823038,0.00003885778,0.00001252092,0.00003248671,0.00005038122,0.00004239216,0.0004400477],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9881822,0.0005090693,0.01014419,0.000035494,0.00001025028,0.00004352052,0.00008245939,0.0000194329,0.0009733276],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001060581,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00232321,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01325615398732464,"score_gpt":0.2891238036172666,"score_spread":0.275867649629942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}