{"id":"W4416952090","doi":"10.7202/1121453ar","title":"Who Are “the Parties” for Purposes of <i>VCLT</i> Article 31(3)(c)? A Case Study in WTO Pragmatism","year":2025,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Revue québécoise de droit international","topic":"World Trade Organization Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Treaty; Pragmatism; Interpretation (philosophy); Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties; Convention; Context (archaeology); Subject (documents); Meaning (existential)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02566273,0.000835444,0.0007721603,0.001188729,0.03361578,0.02065337,0.00282862,0.02127307,0.006900717],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0168758,0.0007305163,0.001332743,0.003209517,0.03443962,0.01385058,0.006898724,0.01820199,0.001318679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02721345,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01644619,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.14302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2033475,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9701841,0.01949291,0.0005784927,0.002188174,0.003716424,0.003839751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9904237,0.007578847,0.0004932689,0.000457511,0.00073224,0.0003143249],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001171928,0.00001445223,0.0002805659,0.00003189649,0.000002874283,0.001041827,0.02639752,0.0000910442,0.0001549976,0.9607532,0.008798475,0.002421474],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004741479,0.00003115346,0.001450564,0.0009398345,0.00003684587,0.001343821,0.09154217,0.00116698,0.001594525,0.2379229,0.6638149,0.0001088933],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.05875603,0.006197267,0.01772268,0.141181,0.001071022,0.0003053903,0.0001284436,0.00004971791,0.7745884],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8045846,0.003101889,0.00615663,0.03693212,0.00040178,0.0004270297,0.00006585309,0.0001398184,0.1481903],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.14302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2843751,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01734931135304563,"score_gpt":0.2957444889873405,"score_spread":0.2783951776342949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}