{"id":"W4416952098","doi":"10.7202/1121466ar","title":"Anti-Dumping and Anti-Trust Issues in Free-Trade Areas Revisited: A Comment on <i>AfCFTA</i> ’s <i>Protocol on Competition</i>","year":2025,"lang":"fr","type":"article","venue":"Revue québécoise de droit international","topic":"Global trade and economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Enforcement; Competition (biology); Competition law; Competition policy; Economic integration; Law enforcement; Trade barrier","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.05058653,0.001379624,0.001932128,0.001543406,0.01685103,0.01618793,0.008456247,0.09775662,0.004558203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07456595,0.001846686,0.003758394,0.002432701,0.02642743,0.01640833,0.00773253,0.08508197,0.001596392],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0228305,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0309051,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1345029,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1107938,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9651109,0.01100932,0.003755316,0.005484946,0.008120234,0.006519215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.939127,0.04873998,0.002742024,0.001931615,0.006098478,0.001360836],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007006935,0.00005183978,0.0007838221,0.0003028011,0.00003524646,0.0009815907,0.01938067,0.0004591138,0.001106072,0.6082091,0.3608288,0.007790905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007253994,0.00007694279,0.001828057,0.0009366133,0.00005808333,0.0004158956,0.005304842,0.00082027,0.001400975,0.04986108,0.9388864,0.0003383262],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.005728763,0.004094004,0.003566275,0.9496554,0.007569131,0.0001098284,0.000204206,0.0001096829,0.0289627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04514674,0.001327371,0.002765998,0.9324518,0.004146795,0.0003083411,0.00005643106,0.0001406262,0.01365595],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1345029,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2675303,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02163903710952596,"score_gpt":0.2513356615316404,"score_spread":0.2296966244221144,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}