{"id":"W4416953579","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2025.1581275","title":"Unraveling the complexity of PD-L1 assays: a descriptive review of the methodology, scoring, and practical implications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Oncology","topic":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","field":"Medicine","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre","funders":"","keywords":"MEDLINE","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01624343,0.00156853,0.001932269,0.007502548,0.0006117809,0.004379344,0.002700882,0.002190402,0.001215786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02199442,0.001231894,0.001828838,0.004820929,0.003744271,0.004961944,0.001448231,0.005775554,0.001468306],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003166099,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004125412,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00316974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003252065,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9906372,0.003466769,0.001653068,0.001172481,0.00280764,0.0002628207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9791312,0.01281702,0.001904431,0.0006849391,0.005219839,0.000242555],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001635396,0.00008904395,0.00242965,0.0292345,0.0002979106,0.0005605447,0.0008023163,0.001508026,0.005422772,0.02691746,0.05272667,0.8798475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001478366,0.0002221574,0.002677823,0.01131998,0.000217013,0.003186706,0.0003171107,0.0007338474,0.004264252,0.01074655,0.9661633,0.000136505],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004120704,0.9869999,0.00713495,0.003105607,0.0007774564,0.0000458878,0.00008765908,0.0000556199,0.001380838],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003868535,0.9788758,0.01143913,0.002883391,0.001660386,0.0001327546,0.0001928224,0.00004644879,0.0009007437],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01624343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08590448,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3150428719101887,"score_gpt":0.4828072276279616,"score_spread":0.1677643557177729,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}