{"id":"W4416956063","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5848942","title":"Patent Privateering","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); Patent troll; Patent law; Competitive advantage; Intellectual property","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004196139,0.0006240999,0.0009327071,0.007192362,0.002257563,0.009214997,0.001370509,0.00350965,0.1887626],"category_scores_gemma":[0.019993,0.0005336743,0.001084081,0.004733933,0.001115164,0.007175417,0.002596752,0.002710782,0.07769028],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001991677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003462099,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001433832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001415482,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9943757,0.0005678323,0.0003056077,0.001096423,0.003054515,0.0006000061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9878159,0.003128046,0.0008796982,0.004863421,0.002573627,0.0007394219],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001631985,0.0001834083,0.001579452,0.0002792751,0.0000431989,0.0003657434,0.0003985744,0.0004383119,0.003159199,0.408388,0.1737646,0.411237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004810222,0.00007608267,0.002622814,0.0001532159,0.00004356346,0.0008214814,0.0001237509,0.001072699,0.003929636,0.09897724,0.8921032,0.00002815577],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.008724391,0.003236665,0.009182361,0.004463958,0.0009978557,0.0001948977,0.002694686,0.001235012,0.9692701],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1218535,0.003538511,0.007082356,0.002055437,0.001347897,0.0001745784,0.003513671,0.0005728406,0.8598612],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1887626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6314738,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09319564244388498,"score_gpt":0.2274460109506381,"score_spread":0.1342503685067531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}