{"id":"W4416959706","doi":"10.1136/bmjph-2025-003457","title":"Awareness and use of oral nicotine pouches among youth and young adults, 2022–2024: repeat cross-sectional surveys in Canada, England, the USA and New Zealand","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMJ Public Health","topic":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Nicotine; Snus; Epidemiology; Young adult; Smoking epidemiology; Public health","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002231013,0.0001172877,0.000281442,0.0001412092,0.0001312769,0.00008681012,0.00004476302,0.00007571375,0.00002193517],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003825099,0.00008667266,0.00001534557,0.0003069606,0.0000979973,0.0001548518,0.00005061859,0.0002153682,2.754496e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002103576,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003195539,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9769992,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9684044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984736,0.0003116747,0.0004152621,0.0002773119,0.0002705388,0.0002516333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991966,0.0001648814,0.000130659,0.0001939228,0.0001120406,0.0002018906],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004830906,0.00002349822,0.9898917,0.00009928147,0.00001413078,0.000002725506,0.001019713,0.000001136921,0.000002271223,0.00001617724,0.0005412183,0.008339809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002113787,0.0000591731,0.996506,0.0001078927,0.00001295006,0.00003191306,0.0005266275,0.0001167519,0.0000101024,0.000006600722,0.0004388335,0.00006936784],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966538,0.0001464357,0.00004707872,0.002307302,0.0003076365,0.0004186025,0.00009152461,0.00000869725,0.00001891726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981824,0.0001798857,0.00001628786,0.0002279035,0.00005061649,0.00001190765,0.0001374152,0.000008264935,0.00118536],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00859484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5668749,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08699583370591221,"score_gpt":0.3500055596227928,"score_spread":0.2630097259168805,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}