{"id":"W4416962018","doi":"10.1109/pst65910.2025.11268845","title":"Evaluating Efficient Patch-Based Backdoor Attacks in Satellite Image Classification Systems","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Backdoor; Aerial image; Image (mathematics); Orientation (vector space); Satellite; Satellite image; Contextual image classification","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005987324,0.0006371343,0.0007650764,0.0009349179,0.0005725485,0.001254277,0.001927544,0.0003841385,0.0001370882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001459669,0.0006555331,0.0002180683,0.003540923,0.0002852671,0.0005093842,0.000757386,0.001148499,0.0003546468],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001082926,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001274569,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007913756,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005704216,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9916387,0.002217287,0.001886684,0.001908416,0.001235038,0.001113825],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952273,0.001417581,0.0007039192,0.001867036,0.0006012737,0.0001828799],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006559269,0.0002774938,0.008012156,0.000446394,0.0000277807,0.00002209992,0.0006369158,0.8458392,0.002115343,0.02959494,0.0000745932,0.1128875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001948221,0.0001159297,0.01998208,0.001152608,0.00005020032,0.000002066862,0.0005620986,0.9746061,0.0003201544,0.0001244038,0.000562822,0.0005733497],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05066372,0.001103469,0.9227592,0.002715464,0.004152182,0.001665761,0.000003322247,0.0002692432,0.01666764],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.921873,0.00002548891,0.07541982,0.0003550528,0.0001447908,0.0001101555,0.00001354827,0.00003738692,0.002020802],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8712092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05636542133566085,"score_gpt":0.3866256636293683,"score_spread":0.3302602422937075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}