{"id":"W4416978219","doi":"10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115261","title":"Additive manufacturing of refractory high-entropy alloys: A critical review of fundamentals and advances","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Materials & Design","topic":"High Entropy Alloys Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Refractory metals; Aerospace; Refractory (planetary science); Fabrication; Superalloy; Brittleness","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008598603,0.001063245,0.001296624,0.003204248,0.000338389,0.001096229,0.0007584828,0.001027401,0.003046987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006904685,0.0006097816,0.0007724024,0.00312619,0.0004457437,0.001474078,0.0006109293,0.001335858,0.001572399],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005206694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001168753,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001219236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001598698,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996413,0.00003521911,0.00006031422,0.00006050861,0.0001755511,0.00002709327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995379,0.0002407335,0.00007069543,0.00001615448,0.0001129564,0.00002162188],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006586847,0.0001757665,0.0002595372,0.05312127,0.0001347423,0.000246119,0.0001325936,0.001398346,0.007438812,0.01291067,0.01744379,0.9066725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001140894,0.0001737531,0.0006788881,0.004460528,0.000119051,0.0008030853,0.00007677257,0.0002415071,0.002515828,0.002392647,0.9884965,0.00002992601],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002195386,0.9984449,0.0002437144,0.00008607213,0.0001169507,0.000005991473,0.00001664687,0.000006901933,0.0008593667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008691994,0.9981863,0.0003691777,0.00005805966,0.00008946343,0.000007002387,0.00002223769,0.000002060582,0.0003964902],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003204248,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01019317,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02720256782779782,"score_gpt":0.2998013379178732,"score_spread":0.2725987700900754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}