{"id":"W4416982862","doi":"10.58812/esle.v3i03.800","title":"Bibliometric Analysis of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) in Higher Education: Trends, Themes, and Future Directions","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"The Eastasouth Journal of Learning and Educations","topic":"Engineering Education and Curriculum Development","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Employability; Scholarship; Higher education; Scopus; Curriculum; Work (physics); Quality (philosophy)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["bibliometrics"],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["bibliometrics"],"domain":null,"study_design":"design_other","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["bibliometrics"],"consensus_categories":["bibliometrics"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007542088,0.0002648103,0.0005183344,0.05824916,0.0002724134,0.0001456775,0.0002138768,0.0001231237,0.0005069948],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001869009,0.0002213333,0.0001833748,0.09291426,0.00008828199,0.000152667,0.00002810282,0.0007365361,0.000001774022],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002167724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001422285,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008059623,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001755149,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980685,0.0001860196,0.001040485,0.0002055512,0.0002575641,0.0002419174],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983088,0.0003107207,0.0004832415,0.0002429108,0.0004819191,0.0001723745],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002162516,0.001278729,0.5125379,0.0003827062,0.001506817,2.331117e-7,0.010952,0.01921683,0.00002545964,0.004661173,0.003239824,0.4461767],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002406475,0.0000285928,0.7960289,0.0002824485,0.001411415,0.000007572889,0.01463893,0.0006903573,0.000005792147,0.00005347529,0.1864314,0.0001804529],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7795773,0.1682354,0.0005936439,0.03034932,0.01264121,0.0002819147,0.0000215386,0.00005113898,0.008248587],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845541,0.00429626,0.00125218,0.00009297425,0.0004509818,0.00002870846,0.00002569329,0.00002154634,0.009277539],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4459963,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9524248,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01489765467143318,"score_gpt":0.2938090435001856,"score_spread":0.2789113888287524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}