{"id":"W4416982862","doi":"10.58812/esle.v3i03.800","title":"Bibliometric Analysis of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) in Higher Education: Trends, Themes, and Future Directions","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"The Eastasouth Journal of Learning and Educations","topic":"Engineering Education and Curriculum Development","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Employability; Scholarship; Higher education; Scopus; Curriculum; Work (physics); Quality (philosophy)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["bibliometrics"],"domain":null,"study_design":"observational","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["bibliometrics"],"domain":null,"study_design":"design_other","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["bibliometrics"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01579723,0.0005705253,0.001336452,0.1289133,0.001217685,0.007380675,0.001053675,0.0005648995,0.002602787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0554741,0.0002146926,0.001150023,0.2492649,0.001184915,0.005353078,0.002435572,0.0005587278,0.0006062742],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002555639,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004767811,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007066187,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0107258,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9838169,0.003113864,0.003978789,0.001332148,0.007020796,0.000737547],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.906765,0.04538622,0.02243003,0.005063205,0.01893797,0.001417631],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001174606,0.0000996423,0.6328701,0.01183912,0.0008854016,0.0003061712,0.004474176,0.001134179,0.001200857,0.01371987,0.01250572,0.3208473],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001657382,0.0001167494,0.8912412,0.003886675,0.0006013448,0.0007893443,0.01223218,0.002881098,0.001533407,0.006809582,0.07979658,0.00009530813],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7297484,0.1081131,0.01468419,0.01236551,0.0006881751,0.0006265353,0.06673856,0.001242071,0.06579346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9300134,0.03170263,0.01049886,0.0002847208,0.000380963,0.0003875818,0.02447412,0.0001087961,0.002149023],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8710867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08354473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01489765467143318,"score_gpt":0.2938090435001856,"score_spread":0.2789113888287524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}