{"id":"W4417028839","doi":"10.1117/12.3094043","title":"Catalyst design and challenges in seawater electrolysis for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Seawater; Catalysis; Electrolysis of water; Oxygen evolution; Electrolysis; Bimetallic strip; Hydrogen production; Hydrogen","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007660785,0.0004133023,0.0006223984,0.0004484904,0.0004105776,0.001111904,0.0008797743,0.001149926,0.0007322113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007325407,0.0004675481,0.000328418,0.0004319555,0.0003581794,0.001341245,0.0004869679,0.001199548,0.0007610719],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006087599,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005445959,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005187874,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00172479,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995165,0.00008174869,0.00005201455,0.00007946511,0.0002272415,0.00004302434],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998866,0.00004133971,0.00001422696,0.000009383765,0.00003902794,0.000009450457],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001898749,0.0001933998,0.0009740375,0.003958633,0.00007154074,0.000569368,0.0002969623,0.01117841,0.8041159,0.04028764,0.001314562,0.1368497],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006340136,0.0007832022,0.0007940502,0.0002707023,0.00007791773,0.0009711609,0.0004659292,0.03022646,0.8116757,0.01834728,0.1362636,0.00006057051],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.4983112,0.243221,0.214998,0.006782752,0.0009846102,0.0004117248,0.0003413877,0.0005983153,0.03435112],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7788662,0.09878034,0.1125346,0.0006034752,0.0002149503,0.0002228017,0.0004037185,0.0001197463,0.008254277],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.001149926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004416883,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02219381739868126,"score_gpt":0.2323248606980443,"score_spread":0.210131043299363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}