{"id":"W4417037408","doi":"10.5194/acp-25-17761-2025","title":"Impact of leakage during HFC-125 production on the increase in HCFC-123 and HCFC-124 emissions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Atmospheric chemistry and physics","topic":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Integrated Carbon Observation System; NOAA Research; Miljødirektoratet; Water Information Research and Development Alliance; Australian Antarctic Division; Bureau of Meteorology, Australian Government; HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; Goddard Space Flight Center; Natural Environment Research Council; Met Office; National Research Foundation of Korea; Bundesbehörden der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft; Department for Energy Security and Net Zero","keywords":"Leakage (economics); Montreal Protocol; Production (economics); Atmospheric emissions; Greenhouse gas; Carbon leakage","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004875434,0.000481208,0.0002047871,0.0004760346,0.0003340779,0.0007285428,0.0003552382,0.0005655793,0.00167006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009553386,0.0001363591,0.0006587251,0.0006804337,0.0003377565,0.0005583485,0.0003907098,0.0003644443,0.0002313946],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002818994,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001251634,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.178799,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1008023,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996165,0.00004731094,0.00001679107,0.00009187072,0.0001303365,0.00009711758],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993461,0.000138832,0.0001904799,0.00003998117,0.0002594299,0.00002513078],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001100932,0.00009815393,0.7876714,0.0005973672,0.0006298705,0.001630272,0.0003865662,0.02544129,0.104689,0.001479733,0.002710152,0.07356523],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001955675,0.0001619911,0.9043134,0.0000669724,0.0002815347,0.0002426076,0.0003026666,0.007348289,0.07721489,0.0002944864,0.009701319,0.00005213464],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9843884,0.001492372,0.00344717,0.0002363786,0.00002854288,0.00003359401,0.003553353,0.000111126,0.006709168],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972731,0.0003592472,0.0004443979,0.00006136361,0.000004904261,0.00001144009,0.001066163,0.00001676056,0.0007626036],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.178799,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3555165,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005981850998257112,"score_gpt":0.2197768130571764,"score_spread":0.2137949620589193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}