{"id":"W4417038385","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-443-33771-0.00002-2","title":"Physicochemical conversion technologies","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Raw material; Biomass (ecology); Hydrothermal carbonization; Renewable energy; Bioenergy; Biofuel; Yield (engineering); Energy transformation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002096157,0.001360632,0.0007373326,0.001483963,0.000745062,0.00216499,0.0009650155,0.001042108,0.08624937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002134326,0.0006309797,0.0005630975,0.002143188,0.00045564,0.001993295,0.00161045,0.001942505,0.06740075],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008146114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006205128,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009700269,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002254179,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997213,0.00001105349,0.00001050868,0.00005259666,0.0001811988,0.00002336996],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999497,0.000009960335,0.000003257635,0.00001184079,0.00001994973,0.000005366493],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003683036,0.0001341135,0.0001244942,0.001148551,0.00001513119,0.0002295713,0.0001585678,0.001072994,0.07037538,0.04144377,0.08929595,0.7959647],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003899027,0.00002967334,0.0002603892,0.0001300096,0.000007002744,0.0003442944,0.00003310085,0.0005345127,0.01892783,0.007519809,0.9722002,0.000009259433],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.003775779,0.03447827,0.03218966,0.0006702488,0.001334595,0.000123626,0.0007352381,0.000972985,0.9257196],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005981357,0.01815169,0.007311753,0.0002642212,0.0001430357,0.00007004465,0.0007211051,0.0002213465,0.9671354],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08624937,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2885329,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006816400098069851,"score_gpt":0.1968218874686855,"score_spread":0.1900054873706156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}