{"id":"W4417067779","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-443-30104-9.00016-4","title":"Materials issues in heavy water reactors","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Nuclear materials and radiation effects","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Heavy water; Natural uranium; Uranium; Spent nuclear fuel; Enriched uranium; Nuclear reactor core; Nuclear reactor; Thorium fuel cycle","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007815583,0.0005267131,0.0009535321,0.000298532,0.0001028468,0.0002492375,0.0004025777,0.000508959,0.009767805],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002581966,0.0003856692,0.0001287334,0.00001160443,0.000129005,0.00009749358,0.0002495483,0.0002015035,0.002570311],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001414614,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007748939,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001555598,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003550901,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975777,0.0001290248,0.0007851709,0.00066161,0.0003389312,0.0005075137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998933,0.00005842898,0.0002030071,0.0006417898,0.00006525711,0.00009855587],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001159892,0.00002034849,0.000001597124,0.0005091371,0.00003042518,0.000099722,0.0004862518,0.000001260635,0.8934226,0.0080117,0.002181962,0.09511903],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002239844,0.00004039161,0.00002293854,0.0005721306,0.00003181052,0.00000483358,0.000002938334,3.316048e-7,0.2580976,0.004616918,0.736002,0.0003842087],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.03457081,0.0003913528,1.847361e-7,0.0002690356,0.003736149,0.0007955797,0.0001594058,0.0001714186,0.959906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01577597,0.000137828,0.0001515757,0.0004552199,0.0006528943,0.00004797776,0.00007752982,0.0001069935,0.982594],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.73382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998595,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009016108385025498,"score_gpt":0.2406883847230525,"score_spread":0.231672276338027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}