{"id":"W4417105728","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104799","title":"Sustainable transformation of rare earth metals value chain for dual-use technologies","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy storage materials","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Concordia University","keywords":"Rare earth; Supply chain; Context (archaeology); Sustainable development; Circular economy; Beneficiation; Sustainability; Refinery","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001842869,0.0001107806,0.000218197,0.00020714,0.00006375423,0.00007383928,0.00006971614,0.0001072935,0.00005720797],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001005564,0.0001069355,0.00003818821,0.000190007,0.00002170577,0.0004484346,0.00001077494,0.00002522748,0.000001492597],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002471347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002518716,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003944601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001161888,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999348,0.00002435355,0.0003087919,0.00009460769,0.00006965157,0.0001545931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996363,0.00006275377,0.00005196651,0.0001349293,0.0001021768,0.0000119007],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004319877,0.00002172091,8.62372e-7,0.0008117127,0.00007379255,0.000002295578,0.0003003427,0.03620235,0.5342029,0.425095,0.002353291,0.0008925266],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002068949,0.00001767965,0.00001341936,0.00002195258,0.00001573333,9.677168e-7,0.0007099846,0.0008833176,0.8194817,0.002072181,0.1764895,0.00008663203],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5243875,0.001446818,0.459321,0.0005102683,0.001524038,0.0007319982,0.0002055463,0.002023515,0.009849329],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875616,0.0001551428,0.0007464776,0.00003261879,0.00001760488,0.0001517411,0.0000631495,0.00001445246,0.01125718],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4631741,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4360702,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009667884273076405,"score_gpt":0.2320835276597915,"score_spread":0.2224156433867151,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}