{"id":"W4417119548","doi":"10.1080/13636820.2025.2595622","title":"Using public procurement to improve apprenticeship outcomes and promote a more diverse construction workforce in British Columbia","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Vocational Education and Training","topic":"Public Procurement and Policy","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Apprenticeship; Workforce; Workforce planning; Workforce development; Procurement; Work (physics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001945341,0.0002399228,0.000241404,0.001103007,0.006843295,0.003614637,0.001483066,0.0006304591,0.01083869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003484182,0.0003086913,0.0001422481,0.001460493,0.001625397,0.0008255811,0.003519124,0.001323026,0.001042862],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03531912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.08819173,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9432375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9857125,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997693,0.0003595973,0.00004199953,0.0001317711,0.0004576122,0.001315917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960042,0.0003038957,0.0001548006,0.0001257483,0.001353468,0.002057915],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005500815,0.002010898,0.3067816,0.0006436571,0.00006576336,0.001774833,0.03070034,0.001987702,0.006331997,0.00901522,0.08279736,0.5573404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008975818,0.0003531941,0.7325103,0.0007082585,0.00003203074,0.0002335482,0.07946907,0.001773149,0.001244004,0.001190402,0.1822992,0.00009704589],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9257178,0.001130947,0.0008245238,0.00647794,0.000076378,0.0002416165,0.0003960344,0.000110549,0.06502435],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9682621,0.0006497898,0.0008692038,0.001220297,0.000009860751,0.000132629,0.0003158404,0.00003881517,0.02850155],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05676252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2562593,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05642129696131379,"score_gpt":0.3232621834429357,"score_spread":0.266840886481622,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}