{"id":"W4417128262","doi":"10.1007/s00216-025-06232-0","title":"Comprehensive analysis of exhaled breath VOCs using GC-MS and GC×GC-TOF-MS: a comparative platform evaluation with TFME and NTD sampling for free and total concentrations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","topic":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Extraction (chemistry); Breath gas analysis; Solid-phase microextraction; Benzene; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Detection limit; Volatile organic compound; Gas chromatography; Exhaled breath condensate","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001008729,0.001203499,0.0007455624,0.0008244314,0.0007983251,0.000786542,0.0008000104,0.001022546,0.00106512],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007246776,0.0004006403,0.0007217639,0.0004351124,0.0004556498,0.0007538386,0.0009381893,0.000435033,0.0005465908],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005520436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001235654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00370849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01064998,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998861,0.00007772387,0.00005456419,0.0004048207,0.0005194532,0.00008260828],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997075,0.00004543082,0.00002674262,0.00003372286,0.0001590257,0.00002762987],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008697944,0.0001301747,0.002964827,0.0003022175,0.0001632361,0.00007091648,0.0001000048,0.0003193015,0.9709253,0.0001263408,0.0002314958,0.02379635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004293459,0.001425736,0.02840919,0.00005841438,0.0002987072,0.0007039694,0.0001847098,0.005814621,0.9565203,0.0002561509,0.006176842,0.0001083238],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9075182,0.008725048,0.07392001,0.0002219042,0.0003274212,0.0007374158,0.0042977,0.0009032505,0.003349051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8678661,0.00539164,0.1135418,0.0005073016,0.00009192035,0.0007359483,0.003477847,0.0001508608,0.008236568],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00370849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00737381,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04984334185680929,"score_gpt":0.3139716923799524,"score_spread":0.2641283505231432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}