{"id":"W4417154394","doi":"10.1017/fas.2025.10026","title":"Tokenization of everything? Exploring the limits of blockchain technologies in the governance of financial markets and assets","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Finance and Society","topic":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"University of Cambridge","keywords":"Lexical analysis; Corporate governance; Real estate; Security token; Financial services; Financial market; Asset (computer security); Financial institution","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005874788,0.0002271941,0.000470149,0.0009169657,0.002233539,0.008649872,0.001008969,0.002267667,0.007396507],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01465969,0.0003543144,0.0003133289,0.001132475,0.01286299,0.01797107,0.004342541,0.002739533,0.0005637205],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003688591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00328036,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003259376,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003399732,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975088,0.001476946,0.00007758446,0.0002597249,0.0003233281,0.0003537059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9875743,0.008735219,0.001078259,0.001393594,0.0006904696,0.0005281109],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001571767,0.00001035441,0.000644334,0.00002576434,0.000003118699,0.00006499479,0.0008931114,0.002639858,0.0001750119,0.9908936,0.0003125566,0.004321542],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009579884,0.00002049633,0.000453176,0.0001240729,0.000005991172,0.00005153547,0.001869614,0.01146466,0.0004454007,0.9725047,0.01303759,0.00001306362],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4265953,0.005008277,0.2425354,0.05110566,0.000229458,0.0001356247,0.00021426,0.0001716355,0.2740043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925008,0.0008475972,0.003801748,0.0002981473,0.00002858682,0.0000516431,0.00001563738,0.00001387756,0.002441778],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008649872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03106922,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01191236335459324,"score_gpt":0.2289559551501924,"score_spread":0.2170435917955992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}