{"id":"W4417179701","doi":"10.5539/jel.v15n3p1","title":"Innovation in Digital Language Teaching: Emerging Lessons from Two Interpretative Studies in Portugal","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Digital literacy in education","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Competence (human resources); Thematic analysis; Foreign language; Technology integration; Discourse analysis; English as a foreign language; Professional development; Higher education; Intercultural competence","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001581469,0.0001840563,0.0003618539,0.001853418,0.000119862,0.0006915934,0.000289741,0.0000528824,0.000009884089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004671644,0.0001874354,0.00005030038,0.001381102,0.00007619228,0.003512284,0.0001388549,0.001291412,0.000002463648],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003975213,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009512885,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009296773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002022015,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976854,0.0002927044,0.00129969,0.0002870029,0.0002334429,0.0002017836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975668,0.0007259559,0.001058586,0.000138849,0.0004591786,0.0000506809],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002326196,0.0003198459,0.06912041,0.00003338071,0.00004806987,0.000007220448,0.2622355,0.0003769332,0.0001244068,0.008858612,0.0001275546,0.6587248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002007489,0.0004154847,0.1614136,0.01150599,0.00005977942,0.00008392725,0.7583684,0.0254564,0.0001619376,0.02714965,0.01275853,0.00061879],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9723152,0.006921286,0.007225871,0.005321938,0.003140077,0.0001033433,0.000001504871,0.000008073364,0.004962702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949216,0.0001229526,0.002585133,0.00039304,0.0002196562,0.00000388224,0.00001009912,0.000008192052,0.001735415],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.658106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7643395,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0262314116190442,"score_gpt":0.4186683974550068,"score_spread":0.3924369858359626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}