{"id":"W4417193407","doi":"10.3390/app152412999","title":"Mechanical Characterisation of Carbonised Plant Scaffolds as Potential Bone Graft Substitutes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"activated carbon and charcoal","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Silesian University of Technology","keywords":"Biocompatibility; Cancellous bone; Flexural strength; Porosity; Mechanical strength; Context (archaeology); Pyrolysis; Material properties; Digital image correlation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002288519,0.0001657977,0.0003700986,0.0004571963,0.0002651704,0.0002273646,0.001001339,0.0001302622,0.0002392498],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002787808,0.0001185794,0.0001157547,0.001586664,0.000624138,0.000232329,0.0001876616,0.00009636358,0.00007924796],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002855455,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003331054,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006872469,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002916028,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966133,0.00008086549,0.0006642876,0.0006341293,0.001676839,0.0003305347],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987674,0.0003318417,0.000301007,0.0003810968,0.0001197673,0.00009889105],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001413785,0.0001132848,0.0008890539,0.000005816585,0.0000218403,0.000008316821,0.0003616549,0.00007817311,0.7111497,0.2771111,0.0008794481,0.009240248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001083904,0.0001780055,0.01310982,0.00004108631,0.00004979663,0.00001931807,0.003990213,0.005579857,0.790367,0.1817177,0.00344906,0.0004142184],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9656887,0.00006170495,0.001159819,0.001275115,0.0006616408,0.0002178646,0.00001468562,0.00005506827,0.0308654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988254,0.00001065086,0.0002940981,0.0003682582,0.0000592275,0.00001890068,0.000006388437,0.000004221332,0.0004128314],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09539335,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4835529,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04071579963368378,"score_gpt":0.3303116134784312,"score_spread":0.2895958138447474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}