{"id":"W4417193407","doi":"10.3390/app152412999","title":"Mechanical Characterisation of Carbonised Plant Scaffolds as Potential Bone Graft Substitutes","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"activated carbon and charcoal","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Silesian University of Technology","keywords":"Biocompatibility; Cancellous bone; Flexural strength; Porosity; Mechanical strength; Context (archaeology); Pyrolysis; Material properties; Digital image correlation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002162476,0.0003347857,0.0001607453,0.000643647,0.0001596392,0.0002279887,0.0001428323,0.0002899902,0.0008847454],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002910361,0.0001318419,0.000191626,0.0004480133,0.0002398901,0.0001823593,0.0001217283,0.0002913698,0.0001827114],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001716049,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001191921,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008435522,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002678051,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998498,0.0000167866,0.000009129987,0.00002118559,0.00007911167,0.0000238463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997695,0.00007862666,0.00004323367,0.00001212404,0.00006808335,0.0000284215],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004212721,0.000009109535,0.0001255588,0.0000526566,0.000003347713,0.00005084978,0.00001942086,0.0002240134,0.9984811,0.00002353638,0.000007464506,0.000960788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005361177,0.0002664032,0.007105709,0.00001513621,0.00002029676,0.0001214325,0.00007295155,0.0009577039,0.9901618,0.00004161306,0.001222585,0.000009043884],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939856,0.001558926,0.002686818,0.0000187802,0.00001371266,0.00003057843,0.0003012674,0.00003069419,0.001373584],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9933956,0.0009873803,0.003547016,0.00002178378,0.000008320462,0.00004740243,0.0003303896,0.0000184718,0.001643706],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008847454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002959728,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04071579963368378,"score_gpt":0.3303116134784312,"score_spread":0.2895958138447474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}