{"id":"W4417211951","doi":"10.1016/j.pes.2025.100188","title":"Thermal energy management in heat exchangers using phase change materials: A review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Progress in Engineering Science","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Phase change; Work (physics); Phase-change material; Energy (signal processing); Thermal energy; Thermal; Phase (matter)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00152566,0.000640692,0.001585559,0.002314426,0.00004515835,0.0001787914,0.00132159,0.0001728712,0.00005641315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004830563,0.0006173388,0.0001103427,0.003746889,0.0001548024,0.0004039605,0.0005162455,0.000296552,0.000007620315],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001036167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000108933,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002280412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003123939,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965739,0.00009180582,0.000823073,0.0007098374,0.0005947989,0.001206592],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990407,0.00005845847,0.00006066351,0.0006611541,0.00003557819,0.0001435076],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002109961,0.00005459367,4.701068e-7,0.2157116,0.00002574335,0.0002350534,0.00005158109,0.0003496598,0.0001254607,0.00005157295,0.00001140995,0.7833807],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009695093,0.00005240956,0.000004640562,0.6430398,0.0002490424,0.00004787096,0.000008458893,0.03068532,0.001155557,0.000004519672,0.3218175,0.001965318],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001319395,0.9963517,0.0001537711,0.000007906437,0.001244401,0.001704781,0.00005778677,0.0002352599,0.0001125167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0004171486,0.9952903,0.0008121261,0.00001697571,0.0001678539,0.003158364,0.0000326568,0.00009626393,0.000008331323],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7814155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996278,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1074204442642169,"score_gpt":0.4061566845449687,"score_spread":0.2987362402807519,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}