{"id":"W4417211951","doi":"10.1016/j.pes.2025.100188","title":"Thermal energy management in heat exchangers using phase change materials: A review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Progress in Engineering Science","topic":"Phase Change Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Heat exchanger; Phase change; Work (physics); Phase-change material; Energy (signal processing); Thermal energy; Thermal; Phase (matter)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006400064,0.001030849,0.001803631,0.001797323,0.0002376862,0.001000053,0.0009156566,0.00100556,0.002714023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006174578,0.0005058557,0.0008871416,0.002247533,0.0003340792,0.001451376,0.0005828342,0.00101785,0.0008877225],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003257624,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008609322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008160236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001508665,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998119,0.00002209067,0.00003025036,0.00005177822,0.00006399723,0.00001993454],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996604,0.0001809904,0.00006422093,0.000009390163,0.00006935435,0.00001564586],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001180958,0.0001526825,0.0002387262,0.06233974,0.0002679638,0.000127728,0.0000517585,0.001259688,0.005988557,0.002802616,0.01018722,0.9164652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006507608,0.0004580266,0.001700647,0.01021519,0.001002714,0.0009976352,0.0001179717,0.0008862237,0.005919232,0.002039567,0.9765109,0.00008681623],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002124548,0.9989662,0.0002373774,0.00005909541,0.00008370141,0.000005932191,0.00001362552,0.000005233359,0.0004164125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0009874615,0.9982663,0.0003258084,0.00006513956,0.00008693838,0.000006546286,0.00002015836,0.000001457929,0.0002401669],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002714023,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009079278,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1074204442642169,"score_gpt":0.4061566845449687,"score_spread":0.2987362402807519,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}