{"id":"W4417225915","doi":"10.1103/n4xc-4nw4","title":"Characterization of wake-induced transition in a boundary layer","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Fluids","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; King’s College London","keywords":"Boundary layer; Boundary (topology); Turbulence; Instability; Nonlinear system; Characterization (materials science); Fusion; Blasius boundary layer; Boundary layer thickness","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008263045,0.0001101407,0.0001306062,0.0003440288,0.0002389806,0.0003158103,0.0002011136,0.0001924622,0.0009950773],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002968373,0.0001042305,0.00009974276,0.000140601,0.0003659608,0.0003790937,0.0003280087,0.0003704807,0.0001260377],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001524068,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001461528,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003401299,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002347704,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999613,0.000002706505,0.000001695654,0.00001021003,0.00001212884,0.00001202331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998631,0.00002634709,0.00003916084,0.00001198881,0.00002352858,0.00003575458],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002620756,0.00009936088,0.01296483,0.00008697359,0.00001623009,0.0002818773,0.0002131594,0.00706665,0.9675497,0.004193487,0.0002258901,0.007039738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006698861,0.0006851265,0.0777467,0.00003695125,0.00002822633,0.0003578534,0.0004145547,0.2749213,0.6383065,0.005131994,0.002231506,0.00007224321],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9924518,0.000127212,0.006545077,0.00001983807,0.000008654925,0.00001235551,0.00006982616,0.00009034282,0.0006748848],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983143,0.00003368415,0.001443732,0.00000750759,0.000001581461,0.000008452578,0.00005818212,0.000007764463,0.000124902],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009950773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00332886,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008955360946390746,"score_gpt":0.2532315800943518,"score_spread":0.2442762191479611,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}