{"id":"W4417239988","doi":"10.1007/s10509-025-04523-7","title":"Exploring the binary origin of B and Be rapid rotators","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astrophysics and Space Science","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Supernova; Stars; Binary star; Binary number; Population; Stellar evolution; Stellar rotation; Stellar classification; Rotation (mathematics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001484804,0.0000948845,0.0001303442,0.0000461915,0.0003631214,0.00005185646,0.0001298141,0.000005261296,0.000005601399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006909871,0.00006481405,0.00002385427,0.0003518515,0.0005399996,0.0001750215,0.0001287322,0.00006674581,6.408846e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004385206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004726288,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001890045,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001139326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994,0.00001530758,0.0000880937,0.0001979375,0.0001224422,0.0001762179],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996026,0.0001087168,0.00004750481,0.0001596935,0.00004255506,0.0000389804],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001586968,0.00004507643,0.6713609,0.00002159107,0.00006512267,6.599084e-7,0.001684459,0.00007399289,0.003646181,0.07816031,0.0002638625,0.244662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004562775,0.0001655265,0.9695555,0.00006847105,0.00008239701,8.577233e-7,0.004632139,0.002416166,0.01026207,0.003636636,0.008474561,0.0002494158],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9868857,0.0002240379,0.001135803,0.0006291164,0.0001970357,0.00008304512,0.000003202899,0.000005935105,0.01083609],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987724,0.0000960384,0.000939703,0.00002552233,0.00004980451,0.000005847173,8.15266e-7,0.000002775596,0.0001070594],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2981946,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2792873,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02860292508435897,"score_gpt":0.2464806261764458,"score_spread":0.2178777010920868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}